Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention in Gender Perspective: Evidence from Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54099/ijibmr.v3i1.616Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Intention,, Entrepreneurial Attitude, , Entrepreneurial Education, , Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy,, gender, , apotekerAbstract
This study aims to investigate entrepreneurial intention and its determinants in a gender perspective of professional pharmacists within the Greater Jakarta of Indonesia by referring to the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Research on entrepreneurial intention and its determinants in the field of ‘pharmapreneurship’ with professional pharmacists as research subjects is still not widely revealed. This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey model. The population of this study is all pharmacists registered with the Indonesian Pharmacists Association (IAI) in the area of the Greater Jakarta of Indonesia. Based on the Slovin formula (error 5%) obtained a sample number of 391 pharmacists, with proportional random sampling. The Independent t-test was conducted to investigate mean differences of the EI and its determinants between male and female of professional pharmacists. The results showed that the mean difference on entrepreneurial intention (EI), entrepreneurial attitude (EA) and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) between male and female of professional pharmacists are significantly rejected except for entrepreneurial education (EE). The paper provides evidence that equality between gender settings need to be considered in the design and delivery of the determinants except EE if they are to have the desired impact on entrepreneurial intention. The research findings are of interest to business, academia and policy makers.
References
Ahmed, G., Amponsah, C. T., & Johnson, D. S. (2019). “Gender differences in entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions: the case of Brand Dubai.” International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 11(4), 315-334. ISSN: 17536219.
Ajzen I. (1991). ”Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decisions.” Processes. 1991; 50:2, 179-211. ISSN: 22279717.
Amofah, K., Saladrigues, R., & Akwaa-Sekyi, E. K. (2020). “Entrepreneurial intentions among MBA students.” Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1832401. ISSN: 23311975.
Bandura, A. (2006). “Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales”. Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents, 5(1), 307-337. Connecticut: Information Age Publishing (IAP). ISBN: 1-59311-366-8 (pbk.)
Baughn, C. C., Chua, B. L., & Neupert, K. E. (2006). The normative context for women's participation in entrepreneruship: A multicountry study. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 30(5), 687-708.
Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). “Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?” Journal of business venturing, 13(4), 295-316. ISSN: 08839026
Cho, Y., Li, J., & Chaudhuri, S. (2020). “Women Entrepreneurs in Asia: Eight Country Studies.” Advances in Developing Human Resources, 22(2), 115-123. ISSN: 15234223. DOI: 10.1177/1523422320907042
Díaz-García, M. C., & Jiménez-Moreno, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention: the role of gender. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 6, 261-283.
Fellnhofer, K., & Kraus, S. (2015). Examining attitudes towards entrepreneurship education: a comparative analysis among experts. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 7(4), 396-411.
Fenech, R., Baguant, P., Ivanov, D. (2019). “Entrepreneurial Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and subjective Norms Amongst Female Emirati entrepreneurs.” International Journal of Entrepreneurship. Research Article: 2019 Vol: 23 Issue: 1. (Print ISSN: 1099-9264; Online ISSN: 1939-4675)
Fragoso, R., Rocha-Junior, W. & António Xavier, A. (2019). “Determinant factors of entrepreneurial intention among university students in Brazil and Portugal.” Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship ISSN: 0827-6331 (Print) 2169-2610 (Online)
Gieure, C., del Mar Benavides-Espinosa, M., & Roig-Dobón, S. (2019). “Entrepreneurial intentions in an international university environment.” International journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & research.
Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., Wasti, S. A., & Sikdar, A. (2009). The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(2), 397-417.
Haus, I., Steinmetz, H., Isidor, R., & Kabst, R. (2013). Gender effects on entrepreneurial intention: a meta‐analytical structural equation model. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 130-156.
Jang, Y., Hadley, B., Son, J., & Song, C. (2019). “Determinants of students’ entrepreneurial intention to compete in a fast-pitch competition.” Journal of Education for Business, 94(6), 359-368. ISSN: 08832323, 19403356
Jena, R. K. (2020). “Measuring the impact of business management Student's attitude towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study.” Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106275. ISSN: 07475632.
Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J., Lans, T., Chizari, M., Mulder, M., & Mahdei, K. N. (2013). “Understanding role models and gender influences on entrepreneurial intentions among college students.” Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 93, 204-214. ISSN: 18770428
Krueger, N. F. (2017). “Entrepreneurial intentions are dead: Long live entrepreneurial intentions.” In Revisiting the entrepreneurial mind (pp. 13-34). Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45544-0_2.
Lee-Ross, D. (2017). An examination of the entrepreneurial intent of MBA students in Australia using the entrepreneurial intention questionnaire. Journal of Management Development, 36(9), 1180-1190. ISSN: 0262-1711
Liñán, F., & Fayolle, A. (2015). “A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda.” International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 907-933. ISSN: 15547191
Liu X, Lin C, Zhao G and Zhao D. (2019). “Research on the Effects of Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention.” Front. Psychol. 10:869. ISSN: 16641078
Masele, J. J. (2019). “Top management team's green entrepreneurial attitude and its influence on green ebusiness adoption: empirikal evidence from tour operators in Tanzania.” Small Enterprise Research, 26(1), 78-104.
Miranda, F. J., Chamorro-Mera, A., & Rubio, S. (2017). Academic entrepreneurship in Spanish universities: An analysis of the determinants of entrepreneurial intention. European research on management and business economics, 23(2), 113-122. ISSN: 24448834
Muhammad Arshad Omer Farooq Naheed Sultana Mariam Farooq , (2016),"Determinants of individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions: a gender-comparative study", Career Development International, Vol. 21 Iss 4 pp. ISSN: 13620436
Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., & Nielsen, I. (2019). “Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research.” Journal of vocational behavior, 110, 403-419. ISSN: 00018791, 10959084
Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M. Y., Lančarič, D., Egerová, D., & Czeglédi, C. (2017). “The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries.” Studies in Higher Education, 1–19. ISSN: 03075079, 1470174X
Puyana, Moisés Grimaldi; Gálvez-Ruiz, Pablo; Sánchez-Oliver, Antonio Jesús; Fernández, Jerónimo GarcÃa (2019). Intentions of entrepreneurship in sports science higher education: gender the moderator effect. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 8(1), 147–162. ISSN: 20452101, 2045211X.
Sánchez-Escobedo, M. D. L. C., Díaz-Casero, J. C., Hernández-Mogollón, R., & Postigo-Jiménez, M. V. (2011). Perceptions and attitudes towards entrepreneurship. An analysis of gender among university students. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7, 443-463.
Sekaran, Uma and Bougie, Roger. (2017). Metode Penelitian untuk Bisnis: Pendekatan Pengembangan-Keahlian, Edisi 6 Buku 2. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of management review, 25(1), 217-226.
Hyde, J., & Kling, K. C. (2001). Women, motivation, and achievement. Psychology of women quarterly, 25(4), 364-378.
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed methods). Bandung: CV Alfabeta
Suhartono, S., Athiyah, U., & Utami, W. (2017). Analisis Hubungan Profesionalisme Apoteker dengan Praktek Asuhan Kefarmasian: Studi pada Kasus Terapi Diabetes di Apotek Wilayah Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 13(2), 166-173.
Thébaud, S. (2010). “Gender and entrepreneurship as a career choice: do self-assessments of ability matter?.” Social Psychology Quarterly, 73(3), 288-304. ISSN: 01902725, 19398999
Thompson, E. R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(3), 669-694. ISSN: 10422587, 15406520
Ţurcan, R., & Ţurcan, I. (2019). “The small businesses enterprises influence on the Republic of Moldova economy development.” Journal of Social Sciences Vol. II, no. 4 (2019), pp. 75 – 83. ISSN: 2587-3490. eISSN: 2587-3504
Vamvaka, V., Stoforos, C., Palaskas, T., & Botsaris, C. (2020). “Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, struktural relationships, and gender differences.” Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 5. ISSN: 21925372.
Verheul, I., Thurik, R., Grilo, I., & Van der Zwan, P. (2012). “Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality.” Journal of economic psychology, 33(2), 325-341. ISSN: 01674870
Westhead, P., & Solesvik, M. Z. (2016). “Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: Do female students benefit?.” International small business journal, 34(8), 979-1003. ISSN: 02662426
Wilson, F., Kickul, J., Marlino, D., Barbosa, S. D., & Griffiths, M. D. (2009). An analysis of the role of gender and self-efficacy in developing female entrepreneurial interest and behavior. Journal of developmental Entrepreneurship, 14(02), 105-119.ISSN: 10849467, 1793706X
Wu, J., Alshaabani, A., Ildikó Rudná, I. (2022). “Testing the Influence of Self-Efficacy and Demographic Characteristics among International Students on Entrepreneurial Intention in the Context of Hungary.” Sustainability 2022, 14, 1069. ISSN: 20711050
Zgheib, P. (2018). Multi-level framework of push-pull entrepreneurship: comparing American and Lebanese women. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 24(3), 768-786.
Internet (online)
The Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute. (2019). “Global Entrepreneurship Index Rangking”. http://thegedi.org/global-entrepreneurship-and-development-index/. Dikutip 28 Oktober 2020
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. “GEM 2021/2022 Global Report”. https://gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20212022-global-report-opportunity-amid-disruption. Dikutip 15 Maret 2022.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.